冊 1 · 基礎骨架 · Lesson 06
被動語態：何時該用
Passives: When They Help (and When They Don't)
被動用來藏執行者、強調結果或顯得客觀；濫用會像在推責或官腔。
對比
| 較不自然／易錯 | 更自然的美式 | 說明 |
|---|---|---|
| Mistakes were made by me. | I made mistakes. / Mistakes were made.（刻意模糊） | 推責感 vs 負責 |
| The email was sent by me yesterday. | I sent the email yesterday. | 執行者重要就用主動 |
| We are completed the walkthrough. | The walkthrough has been completed. / We completed… | 形式要正確 |
| It is appreciated your help. | Your help is appreciated. / We appreciate your help. | 美式職場兩者皆可，後者更暖 |
規則／用法
- 結構：be + past participle；（完成）has been + PP；（情態）should be + PP。
- 適合被動：流程、規定、未知執行者、科學／報告客觀口吻、不想指責個人。
- 不適合：行動號召、承認錯誤、需要清楚 ownership 時。
- C1：*get*-passive（*got promoted, got delayed*）偏口語；正式文件用 *be*-passive。
現代例句
- 房產
The offer was submitted before noon.
出價已在中午前送出。
- 投資
You'll be looped in once the operating statements are ready.
營運報表好了就會拉你進來。
- 生活
Our movers got delayed three hours in traffic.
搬家公司堵車延誤了三小時。
- 房產
Nothing has been decided on the credit yet.
折讓尚未定案。
- 生活
I own this miss—the utility transfer wasn't scheduled.
這次疏失我負責——公共事業過戶沒排程。
- 房產
The house was built in the 1990s and later remodeled.
房子一九九〇年代建，後來翻修過。
跟讀短文
約 99 words · TTS（瀏覽器語音）
The bid was submitted before noon, and the inspection has been scheduled for Friday. You'll be looped in once the redlines are ready. Nothing has been decided on the credit amount yet. Our flight got delayed, so the out-of-town buyers will see the house tomorrow. I own this miss—the wire instructions weren't sent on time. The house was built in the nineties and later remodeled, which shows in the kitchen more than the roof. Passive voice helps in updates, but when money moves I switch back to clear ownership so nobody assumes the wrong person acted.
標書中午前已送出，驗屋排在週五。紅線一好就會把你拉進討論；折讓金額尚未定案。班機延誤，外縣市買家改明天看屋。匯款指示沒準時寄出，這次疏失我負責。房子九〇年代建造、後來翻修過，廚房看得到，屋頂比較看不出。更新可用被動，但一牽涉金流我就改回清楚 ownership。
慣用語包
get delayed / get pushed
被延誤／被往後推
口語／職場
to be looped in
被納入知情／討論
職場
the ball is in your court
下一動輪到你
職場
ownership
誰負責（名詞用法）
職場
迷你練習
- 改成更負責的主動：The deadline was missed.
- 何時用被動較佳：公告「電梯本週維修」。
- 把口語 get-passive 改正式：We got rejected by the lender.