冊 1 · 基礎骨架 · Lesson 05
條件句：真實、假設、後悔
Conditionals: Real, Unreal, Past Regret
先分「可能發生」還是「假想／後悔」，動詞形式跟著世界真假走。
對比
| 較不自然／易錯 | 更自然的美式 | 說明 |
|---|---|---|
| If I will see her, I tell her. | If I see her, I'll tell her. | 真實條件：現在簡單＋will |
| If I am you, I would… | If I were you, I would… | 假想用 were（C1 仍常用） |
| If I would have known… | If I had known… / Had I known… | 過去假設不用 would have 在 if 子句 |
| If we hired him, we have more capacity. | If we hired him, we'd have more capacity. | 假想結果用 would |
規則／用法
- 零／第一條件：真實、習慣、可能→ If + 現在，will / can / imperative。
- 第二條件：現在／未來假想→ If + 過去式，would / could / might + 原形。
- 第三條件：過去後悔→ If + had + PP，would have + PP。
- 混合：*If I had taken that role, I'd be in New York now.*（過去假想→現在結果）
- 職場：*If we miss this window, we risk the rate lock.*（真實威脅用第一條件更有力）
現代例句
- 房產
If the appraisal comes in low, we'll renegotiate or walk.
若估價偏低，我們會重談或退出。
- 投資
If I were running this, I'd cut fancy finishes before I'd cut structural fixes.
換我操盤，會先砍花俏裝潢而不是結構維修。
- 生活
If I'd left earlier, I wouldn't have missed the open house.
早點出門就不會錯過開放看屋。
- 房產
Had we known about the special assessment, we might have bid differently.
早知道特別攤派，出價可能不同。
- 生活
If it keeps raining, I'm canceling the yard cleanup.
雨再這樣下，庭院清理我就取消。
- 投資
Unless the rent roll balances, we can't proceed to underwriting.
除非租金表對得起來，否則不能進審核。
跟讀短文
約 88 words · TTS（瀏覽器語音）
If the appraisal comes in low, we'll renegotiate or walk. If I were you, I'd keep the inspection contingency. If I'd known about the special assessment, I would have bid differently. Unless the HOA letter arrives, we can't lock a firm closing date. If rates keep rising, we'll lock sooner rather than later. Had we skipped the sewer scope, we might have inherited a five-figure surprise. I'm writing these if-then rules down now, because negotiations move fast and I don't want to invent policy under pressure.
若估價偏低，我們會重談或退出。換我是你，我會保留驗屋附條件。早知道有特別攤派，出價策略會不同。除非社區證明信到手，否則訂不了明確成交日。利率若持續升，我們寧早鎖不利晚鎖。當初若略過下水道檢測，可能吞下五位數驚喜。我先把這些 if-then 寫下，談判一快才不會臨時發明原則。
慣用語包
unless
除非（= if not）
中性
in case
以防萬一（預備）
中性
worst case
最壞情況
職場／口語
if need be
必要的話
職場
迷你練習
- 改錯：If I would be free, I would join.
- 用第三條件：昨天沒備份，結果檔案毀了。
- 用第一條件：利率若再升，我們就鎖利。