冊 1 · 基礎骨架 · Lesson 02
過去簡單 vs 現在完成
Past Simple vs Present Perfect
有明確過去時間錨 → 過去簡單；連到「現在仍相關／經驗／未竟」→ 現在完成。
對比
| 較不自然／易錯 | 更自然的美式 | 說明 |
|---|---|---|
| I have seen him yesterday. | I saw him yesterday. | 有 yesterday 就用過去簡單 |
| Did you ever try matcha? | Have you ever tried matcha? | 人生經驗用現在完成 |
| I already sent it yesterday… wait. | I already sent it. / I sent it yesterday. | already 多配完成；有明確日則過去 |
| I lost my keys.（若還在找） | I've lost my keys. | 結果影響現在用完成 |
規則／用法
- 過去簡單：finished time（yesterday, last quarter, in 2019, when I was…）。
- 現在完成：unfinished time（today, this week, so far）、經驗、剛發生、對現在有結果。
- 美式口語常把 just/already 配過去簡單（*I already ate.*）；正式職場寫作仍多用完成式。
- C1：*I've been meaning to…*（一直想做還沒做完）比 *I meant to* 更有「拖延到現在」的味道。
現代例句
- 生活
Have you eaten yet? I already grabbed tacos between showings.
你吃了嗎？我在帶看空檔吃了塔可。
- 房產
We listed the place last Monday, and we've already booked twelve showings.
上週一掛牌，已經約了十二場帶看。
- 投資
I haven't heard back from the lender, so I'm holding the wire.
貸方還沒回，所以匯款我先按住。
- 生活
I've never been great at open houses, but I'm getting better at small talk.
我從來不擅長開放看屋寒暄，但有在進步。
- 房產
She called an hour ago and said the lockbox code had changed.
她一小時前打電話說鎖盒密碼改了。
- 投資
We've seen this repair pattern before on 1990s roofs.
一九九〇年代屋頂我們看過這種維修模式。
跟讀短文
約 94 words · TTS（瀏覽器語音）
We've already toured eight places this month, and I've never felt this decisive about housing before. Yesterday we saw a duplex with solid bones, but we've also noticed deferred maintenance in almost every unit. I haven't received the HOA documents yet, so I'm holding my enthusiasm. Last spring we rushed a rental decision and regretted it for a year. This time I've promised myself I'll wait until inspection and numbers both look clean. I'm also building a simple spreadsheet for repairs, HOA dues, and a cautious vacancy line so emotion doesn't run the decision.
這個月我們已經看了八間，我從沒對住房這麼有決斷力。昨天看了一棟底子不錯的雙拼，但幾乎每戶都有延宕維護。社區文件我還沒收到，所以興奮先按住。去年春天我們倉促租屋，後悔了一整年。這次我跟自己約定：驗屋和數字都乾淨才往下走。我也在做維修、管理費與保守空置的表，避免情緒做主。
慣用語包
so far / to date
到目前為止
職場／中性
as of now
截至目前
職場
It's been a while
有陣子沒…
口語
I've been meaning to…
我一直想…（還沒做）
口語／職場
迷你練習
- 填時態：I ___ (finish) the deck ___ (already)，但 boss ___ (ask) for changes yesterday.
- 哪句較佳談「經驗」：Did you visit Japan? / Have you been to Japan?
- 用現在完成說：法務回覆還沒來，所以合約還不能簽。